The Osteoporosis visual guide
1. Symptoms
The early stages of osteoporosis may not cause any symptoms. However, as the condition progresses and the bones weaken, it may lead to back pain caused by fractures or collapsed vertebrae. Additionally, a person may start to adopt a stooped posture and appear shorter due to the loss of bone mass.
2. Fractures
Osteoporosis may not be diagnosed until a bone fracture occurs. These fractures can happen in any bone, but are most commonly found in the hip, wrist, and spine. Weak bones can fracture even from simple activities such as climbing stairs, lifting heavy objects, or even just leaning forward. These types of fractures can lead to chronic health problems in the long-term.
3. Risk Factors
Osteoporosis can occur at any age, but it is most prevalent in individuals over 50 years old. Women are more susceptible to the condition than men, with a four times higher likelihood of developing it. Additionally, the risk of bone loss increases for people who are of Asian or white ethnicity, have a small body frame, and have a family history of osteoporosis, particularly if a family member has had a bone fracture.
4. Causes
Estrogen is a hormone that plays a crucial role in building and protecting bones. When estrogen levels are low, bone loss occurs. This also happens during and after menopause when the ovaries stop producing estrogen. The risk of developing osteoporosis increases if you did not build enough bone during childhood due to factors such as an eating disorder, lack of vitamin D or calcium, lack of exercise, or other health issues.
5. Lifestyle Risk Factors
A lack of physical activity can lead to weakening of bones over time. Excessive alcohol consumption (more than two drinks per day) and tobacco use also increase the risk of osteoporosis.
6.Treatment
A medication can be prescribed by your doctor to either prevent bone loss or promote bone growth. These medications, such as bisphosphonates and SERMs, come in the form of pills and injections. The physician may also advise you to increase your intake of calcium, vitamin D, and exercise.
7. Prevention Diet
Both calcium and vitamin D play important roles in maintaining healthy bones. Vitamin D is necessary for the adequate absorption of calcium in the body. While some vitamin D can be obtained from sunlight, it is also important to consume food sources rich in vitamin D. Additionally, many people may require a supplement to meet their daily needs. Foods that are high in calcium include leafy greens, low-fat dairy, fish such as salmon or sardines with bones, soy products, and cereals or orange juice fortified with calcium.
8.Prevention: Strengthening
Physical activity, particularly exercises that involve weight bearing, is crucial for maintaining strong bones as you get older. Participating in simple activities like walking can be beneficial for overall health. It is recommended to aim for 30 minutes of exercise five days a week, or 2.5 hours in total. This will not only benefit your bones but also your muscles, helping to reduce the risk of falls.
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